Investopedia column by Marguerita Cheng: “How I’m Talking to Clients About Interest Rates in 2025”
Investopedia, Nov. 5, 2025 — By Marguerita Cheng
In 2025, investors are navigating a complex environment shaped by shifting Fed policies, trade tensions, and political uncertainty. With the Federal Reserve cutting rates twice this year and debate intensifying over whether more cuts will follow, investors are asking what to do next. Here’s how I’ve been guiding my clients to stay grounded, protect their portfolios, and find opportunities amid the uncertainty.
What I’m Telling My Clients: Stay Invested
It seems then that the uncertainty surrounding the Fed’s actions has not had much significant effect on both the stock and bond markets. For example, the S&P 500 Index fell by only 0.47% when the Fed announced a pause on interest rate cuts on January 29.1 Additionally, the benchmark 10-year yield increased by only two basis points (0.02%).
So, I generally suggest to my clients that they avoid panic. This means that I don’t expect them to make any significant portfolio decisions based solely on the current interest rate situation. Instead, I expect them to stay invested in both the stock and bond markets, even when there’s uncertainty surrounding the Fed’s future policy direction.
Uncertainty May Require More Stability and Safety
For clients who are deeply concerned about the fiscal and monetary uncertainty, some portfolio adjustments towards more stability and safety may be in order. In this case, I have suggested prioritizing shorter-term fixed-income securities, such as those with a maturity of one to three years, over longer-term notes or bonds. This is because the former is safer (lower risk of default), more liquid (higher demand by institutional investors), and less volatile (less affected by interest rate fluctuations).
The last point about interest rate fluctuation is especially important. Since shorter-term fixed-income securities have a shorter time to maturity, there is a lower likelihood that interest rates will change significantly before they mature, making them less susceptible to rapid and significant changes in interest rates(and their impact on bond yield and price).
Defensive Stocks to the Rescue
Defensive stocks are stocks of companies that produce stable earnings (and stable performance) irrespective of economic conditions (expansions or recessions, inflation, or deflation). These companies are typically in the healthcare, utilities, and consumer staples sectors, where demand is relatively stable and not seasonal. The uncertainty in the current economy can make these stocks desirable.
Good Old Diversification
Economic uncertainty is often accompanied by higher stock market volatility. In such times, investors need to focus on good old diversification to reduce overall portfolio risk. However, I advise my clients to strike a balance between concerns about short-term volatility and uncertainty and the need to meet their long-term goals. In the long term, the stock market rises more than it falls, and no one can profitably bet against the U.S. stock market. Thus, focusing too much on short-term stability without an eye for the future can be dangerous. Clients should strive for a balance between growth and stability, income generation and price appreciation, exposure to both developed and emerging markets, and investments in both large-cap and small-cap stocks.